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Nonwoven fabric, or non-woven fabric, is a material made from fibers that are bonded together, rather than woven or knitted. The main components are fibers and bonding agents. These fibers can be natural or synthetic and can be staple fibers (short) or filaments (long). Bonding can be achieved through chemical, mechanical, heat, or solvent treatment.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Fibers:
Natural fibers:
Cotton, viscose, lyocell, and bamboo are examples of natural fibers used in nonwovens.
Synthetic fibers:
Polyester, polypropylene, and other synthetic polymers are also commonly used.
Blend of fibers:
Nonwovens often use blends of different fibers to achieve specific properties, such as absorbency, durability, or softness.
Bonding:
Chemical bonding: Adhesives or binders are used to join the fibers together.
Mechanical bonding: Needle-punching or hydroentangling methods are used to interlock fibers.
Thermal bonding: Heat is used to melt and fuse certain fibers together.
Solvent bonding: Solvents can be used to dissolve or soften certain fibers, allowing them to bond.
Examples of nonwoven products and their components:
Hygiene products: These may include diapers, sanitary napkins, and wipes. They often use a combination of absorbent cores, acquisition/distribution layers, back sheets, and top sheets made from nonwoven materials.
Filters: Nonwovens are used in various filters, including air, oil, and fuel filters. Meltblown nonwovens are commonly used for filtration applications.
Medical products: Surgical gowns, drapes, and masks often incorporate nonwoven fabrics.
Geotextiles: Nonwoven fabrics are used in civil engineering projects to separate soil layers, prevent erosion, and filter materials.
Packaging: Nonwovens are used in reusable grocery bags, retail bags, and other packaging materials.
Industrial felt: Needle-punched nonwovens are used in industrial applications, such as making felt for machinery and other industrial purposes.
Clothing: Nonwovens are used in linings, interfacings, and other parts of clothing.
Carpets: Nonwoven fabrics can be used as backing for carpets.
Craft felt: Needle-punched nonwovens are commonly used in craft projects.
-SZK
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